Occupy Wall Street Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Occupy Wall Street Movement - Research Paper Example The movement is stimulated by the recent successful uprisings in Egypt, Tunisia and Syria. Their goal is to confront the status quo in the government and the wealthy people who control most of the world’s resources. Their dominance creates an iniquitous global economy that disfavors the majority who are unable to compete effectively within the capitalist system. They aim at confronting greed, corruption and dominance by the business elites and politicians and creating accommodative redress to all persons (Vag, 2011). â€Å"Moral and economic implications involved in the movement† The OWS believe that a minority 1% of the world’s population controls the majority of meaningful resources. Their slogan, â€Å"we are the 99%† is based on socio-economic statistics for the year 2011. They argue that the 99% in the society is left to survive on very little that compromises their sustainable living. This movement shuns such dominance. They assert that it is instiga ted by insatiability, egotism and corruption. They petition authorities and decision makers to review their policies and redress these economic disparities between the 99% and the 1% (Vag, 2011). The OWS movement is fundamentally an awakening caveat to the people that concentrate the world’s wealth, power and control in their hands at the loss of the society. The movement appeals to the moral reasoning behind utilitarianism. Majority of the world lives in unemployment, poverty and homelessness while another group enjoys luxury, space, wealth and power (Vag, 2011). Therefore, a majority group has a bleak future with an diminishing ability to determine their destiny. The historical and economic implications to these inequalities have resulted to perceived economic injustices. The OWS aims at prompting the decision makers to review these principals consciously and address livelihood variability’s among populations. â€Å"The implications identified against the utilitaria n, Kantian and virtue ethics to apply which theory best applies to the movement position†. The OWS aimed at confronting the corporate dominance in democracy and lack of legal actions to the perpetrators of the global economic crises. The utilitarian principle asserts that the ultimate socio-political and socio-economic achieves collective economic success. This system is not informed by moral merit and virtue. Nonetheless, it is expected to achieve the expected consequences of addressing socio-economic inequalities (White, 2006). The OWS bargains against these grounds to identify a cohesive ground for addressing social inequalities. The Kantian theory emphasizes on equality among all persons. It is perceived as a viable option to utilitarianism (White, 2006). Utilitarian theory overlooks the moral significance of moral virtues that inform minority issues and human rights. The utilitarian principles do not accord intrinsic values to human beings. The goal is to capitalize on in dividual rather than society benefits. The Kant theory concentrates on the most applicable channel to address issues. The theory that best compliments the OWS is the Kantian movement (Vag, 2011). The OWS is specifically is specifically interested in collective benefits and embodies a distinct shift in ethical dimensions. â€Å"Who is responsible for income inequality and wealth distribution in the US, Explain Rationale?†

The Bane of Living in the Cities Essay Example for Free

The Bane of Living in the Cities Essay When we discuss about living in big cities or small towns, different people have different point of view. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. From my personal opinion, big cities have more advantages as compared to small towns, which I quiet disagree with the topic. There are three points I would like to highlight here on why I said living in big cities brings more benefits. Firstly, big cities have far better quality education from lower to higher education. What I am trying to emphasize here is big cities can provide us with modern and adequate academic environment which I find it is very important as education is the key for success in the future career. Therefore, students in big cities can get several benefits from the modern education offered such as multimedia teaching, electronic library and also internet. see more:advantage and disadvantage of living in the city By contrast, those who are living in small towns cannot take the opportunity as much as in big cities because there are not enough modern facilities provided in small towns. Secondly, we can see that more and more people especially the young people migrate to big cities because they see many opportunities in employment. As we all know, most of the local and international companies are situated in big cities so there are many places that they can work as opposed to small towns. Consequently, they have bigger chances in achieving their dreamed career and also pursue in what they like. In addition to this, most of the jobs offered in big cities have bigger salaries so that is why it is one of the attractions for the young people to live in big cities. Last but not least, people live in big cities can enjoy several entertainments and closer to better services like hospitals. To illustrate, in big cities there are many shopping centers, entertainment parks and also many of the international events are held here. We can enjoy our quality time with our family in the entertainment parks but not for those who live in small towns because there is no such thing there. Furthermore, hospitals are nearer to you in big cities and the services offered are better compared to hospitals in small towns as they are fully equipped with modern equipments and also most of the specialists work there, It is true that despite these benefits of living in big cities, there are certain disadvantages to it. However, when compared both, I tend to see the advantages outweigh the disadvantages so that is why I am more on living in big cities. In a nutshell, no matter where we live it depends on an individual to make the decision to continue living your life.

Free King Lear Essays: What a Difference One Word Can Make :: Essays on King Lear

What a Difference One Word Can Make in King Lear King Lear's response to Cordellia's failure to express her love for her father in words is symbolic of King Lear's madness in the play. His madness is most clearly manifest in his need for his daughters to testify to him of their love. Cordellia's failure to say that she loves him winds up destroying him. What is fascinating though is that it is not the rejection of him that hurts so much as his dismay that his daughter would say such a thing. The last line of the selection (Conflated Version 1.1.94) highlights Lear's anger at not only the words that Cordellia speaks, but Cordellia herself. In this line King Lear warns Cordellia that if she doesn't change her ways she will lose her inheritance, "Variant Mend your speech a little, Lest Variant may mar your Fortunes."(1.1.93-94). The second variant in these lines changes the meaning of King Lear's wrath. In the 1608 quarto version the variant text reads, "it". The, "it" in this case is referring to what Cordellia has said. In the 1623 Folio version the word, "it" has been replaced by the word, "you". This variant between the two editions might seem minor but in fact it changes the meaning of Lear's anger from anger at Cordellia's speech to anger at Cordellia herself. This change has two major effects on the play. First, it shows the madness of King Lear. In the quarto version his anger is directed at Cordellia's speech. This is rational way of dealing with the situation and shows that King Lear still has love for his daughter. He loves her but not what she has said. In contrast in the folio version King Lear's madness is evident in his inability to separate what Cordellia has said from his love for her. King Lear like a lunatic sees Cordellia's inability to pronounce her love in front of her conniving sisters to be a blanket statement that she does not love him. He is unable to reason that her statement might have logic because he himself has no logic. He doesn't see that his breaking of the chain of being by abdicating his throne and dividing up his kingdom has also destroyed the chain of being in his own family. His daughters usurp his power as he violates the order of the universe.

Own Business Essay

If I were to start my own business, the first decision I would make would be in deciding what product or service my company would produce or provide. For example, do I have a greater interest in the area of production or service? In deciding this, I would research the market to determine if there was a need for the product or service I was considering. I would also conduct research to determine what area (s) would be some of the better areas to begin the type of business I plan on undertaking. Things I might consider would be the competition, noticeable need for my product or service in the area and even presenting the idea at a public meeting in the area while evaluating the response I receive. Another key type of decision would be determining the size of the business. Along with determining for example whether the business would be a small business, medium-size or large business, I would need to determine the staffing needs of the business. As Al Coke stated in the book, â€Å"Seven Steps to a Successful Business Plan,† â€Å"What are your short-term and long-term staffing requirements? What kinds of skills will be needed at each level, now and in the future? † (Coke, 2002). Along the same line, what types of employees will be needed for the positions. If my company is involved in technology, I would need to hire individuals with training and education in the technology field. Deciding upon which tools and equipment will be needed for the operation of the business I have chosen would be another key decision needed to be made. For example, if I were considering opening a restaurant, I would need to look into the prices, types and sizes of the various commercial cooking equiptment available. One could include the company’s vision and mission statements as key decisions when starting up a company. As stated in Mr. Coke’s own words, â€Å"You must have two stakes in the ground to build a story and a subsequent business plan: vision and mission. One creates passion and the other provides purpose (Coke, 2002, p. 111). There would be different financial decisions to be made. For example, how much will I need or can I afford for start-up costs? What are the long-term capital investment requirements? In writing all of the financial decisions down, a good question to ask would be, â€Å"Do the financial numbers make good business sense? † (Coke, 2002, p. 33) Although the items listed above would just be some of the key decisions I would make when considering starting a business, I would definitely include a written business plan. In the business plan I would include information like that which I have listed above along with statistical information and data that I would use throughout my business inception and into the future.

Natural Disasters and Catastrophes Essay

From researching online databases of my city, I’ve found that we are focused on planning ahead for disasters such as hurricanes, or even different forms like terrorism for example. The city acknowledges this strategic planning needed, as well as building public awareness and the development of hazardous mitigation and emergency response plans. According to the mayor, these plans are at completion and ready for use when or if the time ever comes. It was also found that all of this preparedness has been keeping the city’s homeland security team completely busy for the past few years as the city stresses necessary training, new equipment and education and the growing development of the new Community Emergency Response Team. If you are to draw any evidence from these actions of my city, it is that the key stress is maximum preparedness and planning which isn’t a bad emphasis when you’re dealing with natural disasters. Agencies One agency in the city of West Haven in regards to emergency preparedness is the Medical Reserve Corps or MRC. They are actually sponsored by the office of the U.S. Surgeon General. As a community based volunteering network, they are organized to support the existing public health structure during emergencies and even non-emergency events. The responsibilities include managing natural disasters, illnesses, man-made emergencies and community health events. Member positions range from medical practitioners, nurses, mental health professionals as well as miscellaneous volunteering roles. Another agency with emergency preparedness in my city is the Community Emergency Response Team or CERT. On September 23, 2006 CERT was launched in West Haven with thirty two volunteers. The theory behind the development of CERT is actually quite obvious but some places might never put this into perspective sadly. In major emergencies it’s a fact that emergency services are overloaded instantaneously. With CERT created it gives ordinary civilians the training opportunity they need to be prepared in emergency circumstances. This opens up the opportunity for a more independent society  with less of a need to seek professional emergency officials help in a time of crisis. Every area in our world faces the threat of earthquakes and tornadoes and the most common disasters we face are severe storms and floods. Essentially CERT is needed everywhere whether people believe it or not, it’s just whether or not the location acknowledges this. Geography West Haven has a total of 11 square miles of which 0.2 square miles is water and the remainder of space is land. Containing 3.5 miles of publicly accessible beaches, West Haven is bound in the southwest by The Oyster River, northwest by the town of Orange, north by New Haven, northeast by The West River, to the east is New Haven Harbor and to the south there is Long Island Sound which is separated by a break wall. With so much water lining the city it is quite vulnerable to water hazards like flooding and property damage during the several storms or hurricanes we get over the years. I myself have seen lots of homes on the water cease to exist because of these hurricanes in the past few years. In addition to that, there has also been much sand erosion on our beaches within the past few years. Literally half of the distance from our road to the water that was covered with sand now lies there.

We Will Remember essays

We Will Remember essays American lives had seemed like a never-ending hourglass, until the hourglass was stopped on that fateful September day. September 11th has forever changed the way we think about our independence. Although the hearts of Americans were truly broken, we learned a very valuable lesson in our commitment to being free and independent. Last years terrorist attacks on the United States have forever changed American lives. We will never forget those who heroically lost their lives during the attack or those who served our nation through our military and public service. Three thousand people lost their lives during the September 11th terrorist attacks. Our losses could have been greater than seventy thousand if all had gone as planned, but because of some unforeseen circumstances, many lives were saved. We owe the deepest gratitude to all those who lost their lives on this fateful day, especially those who withstood the test of time and prevailed in saving our great nation. America is part of an age-old culture of true patriotism of which, some had forgotten. The one-year anniversary of September 11th will unite all of America in commemorating those who lost their lives and show the true meaning of a patriotic nation. America never forgets her heroes, and always honors them with the highest regard, which they truly deserve. We cannot thank the men and women enough who lost their lives to keep America free. Now, we continue to rebuild, reunite, and stand at the right hand of Liberty as we fight the war on terrorism. Those who lost their lives on September 11th will not be lost in vain but will be remembered as architects who rebuilt a nation with indisputable patriotism and love for one another. ...

Mr. and Mrs. and More

Mr. and Mrs. and More Mr. and Mrs. and More Mr. and Mrs. and More By Mark Nichol This post details the permutations of abbreviations for courtesy titles. As mentioned in this post, mister developed as a variant of master. (Interestingly, the newer title came to pertain to married men, while master, once a title of respect for a social superior, was reserved for unmarried men and boys.) Originally, both master and mister were abbreviated Mr. before a person’s name as a courtesy title, but as master fell out of use, Mr. came to be applied solely as an abbreviation for mister. Mrs. was originally a generic abbreviation of mistress before a name, but it developed into a courtesy title specifically for a married or widowed woman, while Miss, with no abbreviation, was adopted as an honorific for unmarried women. Ms. began as a variant abbreviation of mistress as a courtesy title in the 1600s but fell out of favor. (At the turn of the twentieth century, it was proposed as a substitute form of address for a woman whose marital status is unknown, but the idea did not gain traction, nor did the abbreviation catch on fifty years later when a couple of business publications brought the issue up again. However, after feminist and journalist Gloria Steinem adopted the abbreviation as the title of a new magazine for women in 1972, its use quickly spread.) Because no native plural form of Mr. or Mrs. developed in English, the French abbreviations Messrs. (Messieurs) and Mmes. (Mesdames) were borrowed; Mses. developed in imitation, and the plural form of Miss, Misses, like the singular form, did not acquire an abbreviation. Because of the decline in use of such honorifics, the plural forms are rarely seen anymore. As a reference to a man who embodies a certain quality, Mr. appears in such references as â€Å"Mr. Right† (the ideal man for a woman to marry) or â€Å"Mr. Big† (a man of significant authority and/or status). Missus, a derivative of mistress based on a casual pronunciation of the latter word, and Miz, a spelling based on the pronunciation of Mrs. or Miss in the southern United States, should generally be used only in dialogue in historically or geographically appropriate fiction. However, â€Å"the Mrs.† or â€Å"the missus,† spelled as shown as humorous references to one’s wife, are appropriate in informal writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections"Confused With" and "Confused About"The Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

Simple French Conjugations for Punir (to Punish)

Simple French Conjugations for Punir (to Punish) The word  punir  is French for to punish. In order to use this verb to mean the past tense punished or the present tense punishing, youll need to know how to conjugate it. Luckily,  punir  is a relatively easy one because its a regular verb. A quick lesson will introduce you to the essential forms of  punir  youll need for French conversations. The Basic Conjugations of  Punir French verb conjugations do require some work. You need to memorize it in the various tenses and theres a new form for every subject pronoun within each tense. That means you have a lot of words to study. However, because  punir  is a  regular -ir verb, you can apply what you already know for similar verbs to this one. The first step is to identify the verb stem, which is  pun-. From there, you will add the ending that corresponds to the subject pronoun and either the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For instance, I am punishing is  je punis  and we will punish is  nous punirons. Present Future Imperfect je punis punirai punissais tu punis puniras punissais il punit punira punissait nous punissons punirons punissions vous punissez punirez punissiez ils punissent puniront punissaient The Present Participle of  Punir The  present participle  of  punir  is  punissant. This is a verb, though there may be some instances where youll also find it helpful as an adjective or noun. Punir  in the Compound Past Tense The past tense can be expressed with the imperfect or the  passà © composà ©. This is a compound, so you that requires the  past participle  puni. To begin, conjugate the auxiliary verb  avoir  into the appropriate present tense for the subject. This results in phrases such as  jai puni  for I punished and  nous avons puni  for we punished. More Simple Conjugations of  Punir At times, you may need a few more conjugations for  punir.   The subjunctive, for instance, questions whether the punishment will happen.  In a similar fashion,  the conditional  implies that its an if...then situation.  The passà © simple  and  imperfect subjunctive  are typically reserved for written French, but they are good to know as well. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je punisse punirais punis punisse tu punisses punirais punis punisses il punisse punirait punit punt nous punissions punirions punmes punissions vous punissiez puniriez puntes punissiez ils punissent puniraient punirent punissent A useful verb mood for a word like  punir,  the French imperative  is used when you want to be assertive and very direct. In this case, its acceptable to skip the subject pronoun, so  tu punis  becomes  punis. Imperative (tu) punis (nous) punissons (vous) punissez

Marketing plan development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing plan development - Essay Example Also there is still perception among some of the customers that fast-food are rich in fat and are not healthy. As far as specific is concerned, sandwiches are treated as the most favorite as it holds over 30 % of the market share. Research has shown that, people mainly love sandwiches due to the trend of short lunch breaks triggering the demand for light snacks and lunches. At this point of time Hotdog doesn’t top the menu list of the people of UK when it comes to Fast Foods (Mintzberg and Quinn, 1996, p. 67). After analyzing the market scenario, business and product life cycle it is believed that out of the four probable strategies market development strategy could be best suited. Market development strategy is used when an existing product is launched in a new market. The risk factor in this case is medium. It is suggested that American Hot Dog Cart should focus on designing an efficient distribution network and repositioning strategy. One of the most famous ways to expand market reach is to setup franchisee network. Most of the major food chains follow this strategy. As mentioned in before, fast foods especially non vegetarian fast foods are still perceived as high-fat unhealthy products. This something the American Hot Dog has to change. Certain degree of augmentation can help the company in creating product differentiation. For example providing salads along with hot-dog can help the company successfully reposition the product. Also social media channels can be used to directly engag e with the customers. Social media can be used to show the target customers the way the food is being made. The main USP of the marketing campaign is the healthy ingredients and low fat content to change the perception (Palepu and Bernad, 2007, p. 65). Out of the four strategies Cost Leadership seems best suited for American Hot Dog Cart. The UK fast food market is a broad one. Hence the company may use the industry

Research Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Article Critique - Essay Example The purpose statement is concentric upon using the research that was performed as a means of drawing inference on the way in which elderly abuse is exhibited throughout the current model and seeking to ameliorate it utilizing the indicators that were provided. The article was able to note several key insights with respect to the data which was discussed and presented. The first of these had to do with the fact that elderly abuse was not solely contingent upon the overall amount of money that the facility or its care cost. Instead, the researchers pointed to the fact that a high rate of staff turnover effected a situation in which low levels of oversight were provided to the incoming staff. This was due in part to the fact that proper training was not provided or effected within the organizations in question; due to the understanding by leadership that these employees would not long remain with the entity and therefore the expense of extensive training and oversight was unwarranted. The evidence that is provided for this particular analysis is an overview of data that was tabulated from nearly 300 Israeli care giving facilities; specifically those tasked with providing elderly care to a high percentage of the total overall patients that they admitted. Furthermore, reports of abuse, government audits, and personal interviews with individuals whose relatives were suspected of being abused was also tabulated as means of approaching this issue from a variety of different standpoints and gaining as accurate a level of inference as possible. With respect to any assumptions or biases, there were no blatant ones that struck this particular author as worthy of mentioning. However, it should be noted that it is without question that regardless the level of academic integrity and rigor that these authors put into their work, bias in one format or another is virtually inevitable and could have

Why artist exaggerate certain body parts and ignore others Essay

Why artist exaggerate certain body parts and ignore others - Essay Example The artists therefore study and understand the expectations of the audience and present themselves accordingly (Peirce, & Adrienne, 2005). Body parts that appeal to the audience are exaggerated to create an impression that the artist is the best fit for the particular context (Allan & Pease, 2006). For instance, female music artists exaggerate their hips and breasts and reduce their waist since the resultant image is perceived as sexy and appealing. On the other hand, male artists exaggerate their biceps and chests to depict strength and power. More notably, artists may exaggerate certain body parts in order to mimic previous renowned artists who were famous and favorite to the target audience. This way, they are able to create an impression that they are equally appealing and successful. However, artists may also exaggerate certain parts of their bodies in order to camouflage their weaknesses to avoid negative public perception. Whatever the reason for articulating body image, the ultimate result is to create a positive impression on the target

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 141

Assignment Example For instance, the country should develop road and railway networks in the country within the next ten years. Qatari leaders should also ensure that communication networks are developed with the latest advancements in technology. Qatar also aims at providing employment to the youths through government initiated projects. The next ten years would see an influx in the number of youths in well-paying jobs. Qatar is also a beautiful country with a pleasant climate. This makes it a destination point to several tourists from all over the world. If this continues, then the country will have a stable tourism industry in the next ten years. Qatar depends solely on oil as a source of its revenue. In as much as the oil reserves cannot be depleted any time soon; Qatar should stop its overdependence on oil imports. It should look for another avenue to invest. For instance, Qatar should pump in resources in the tourism sector to increase the revenues obtained from it. Qatar is also affected by food instability. This is because of the desert that occupies the large part of the region. The country would face lots of problems in the next ten years should better ways of practicing irrigation are not implemented. In conclusion, Qatar should make sure its political stability is maintained in the next ten years. This is because that is the only way it will keep up with the development projects it has initiated. Additionally, Qatari leaders should take caution and not let the wave of unrest affecting some of the Middle East countries crop into

Unemployment in UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unemployment in UK - Assignment Example The history of unemployment in the UK tells that during Great Depression the rate of unemployment was very high in the country. It reached to the level of 25 percent but after that time, unemployment rate used to remain at a low level and with the help of different policies and strategies the government of the UK succeeded to attain more or less full employment level until the 1970s. However, after an oil prices fluctuation in the 1970s the unemployment rate was also badly affected and gradually it began to rise. The recent rise in the unemployment rate is highest during the last decade and the country is facing the worst situation with respect to unemployment crisis in the country (Pettinger, p2, 2009). The following table shows the United Kingdom unemployment rate during last three years and it is clearly seen in the table that unemployment rate is continuously increasing in the country with each passing year. The recent statistics also show that the unemployment is recorded at the highest rate in last eight years. The rate of unemployment is rising at an alarming pace due to which the year 2009 is also expected as a stagnant year for the economy of United Kingdom. (Monaghan, p1, 2008) The country while responding towards the global financial crisis is witnessing worst situation of unemployment and there is a high level of concerns and worries at all level regarding the rise of the unemployment rate. The following chart shows the current situation of unemployment in the country that is expected to rise even more. Unemployment is closely related with the economic development of a country. When an economy faces recessions, the rate of unemployment also increases. Thus, the economic recession is the major cause behind the high rate of unemployment in the UK and it is expected that if the UK will face deep economic recession in 2009 then the unemployment will also reach the level of 3 million.  

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 141

Assignment Example For instance, the country should develop road and railway networks in the country within the next ten years. Qatari leaders should also ensure that communication networks are developed with the latest advancements in technology. Qatar also aims at providing employment to the youths through government initiated projects. The next ten years would see an influx in the number of youths in well-paying jobs. Qatar is also a beautiful country with a pleasant climate. This makes it a destination point to several tourists from all over the world. If this continues, then the country will have a stable tourism industry in the next ten years. Qatar depends solely on oil as a source of its revenue. In as much as the oil reserves cannot be depleted any time soon; Qatar should stop its overdependence on oil imports. It should look for another avenue to invest. For instance, Qatar should pump in resources in the tourism sector to increase the revenues obtained from it. Qatar is also affected by food instability. This is because of the desert that occupies the large part of the region. The country would face lots of problems in the next ten years should better ways of practicing irrigation are not implemented. In conclusion, Qatar should make sure its political stability is maintained in the next ten years. This is because that is the only way it will keep up with the development projects it has initiated. Additionally, Qatari leaders should take caution and not let the wave of unrest affecting some of the Middle East countries crop into

Land Law solve the problem with Sunnydale Cottage Essay

Land Law solve the problem with Sunnydale Cottage - Essay Example †¢In May 2006, Charlotte went abroad for a few months on holiday. She sent post cards to each of the other inhabitants of Sunnydale Cottage saying that she had met Costas, a Greek waiter, and wanted to marry him. Accordingly, she notified them all that â€Å"My one fifth share in Sunnydale Cottage is to be ring-fenced and should anything happen to me Costas is to get it.† The postcard to Barbara was lost in the post and never delivered. Charlotte has tried of Costas and has now returned to live in Sunnydale Cottage. The TLATA avoids this problem as there is no duty to sell under a trust of land, merely a power of sale. All land subject to a trust will be held on a "trust of land" (TLATA s 1). Existing settlements are excluded, but land already held on express or implied trusts for sale are included within the provision. Although it is still possible to create express trusts for sale, as a subset of the trust of land, this will rarely be appropriate for domestic situations, and even here the power to postpone sale cannot be excluded. This means that there is no longer a problem posed by an imperative duty to sell, in situations where that was the last thing intended. One of the most important features of the TLATA is the nature of the trust of land. No longer is there a duty on the trustees to sell the land, there is simply a power to do so if desired. This perhaps reflects the fact that the reasons why trusts are set up nowadays are not the same as in 1925. The trustees of land, when exercising any function relating to the land subject of the trust, are now under a duty (as far as practicable) to consult with beneficiaries of full age and beneficially entitled to an interest in possession in the land. They must give effect to the wishes of those beneficiaries, so far as they are consistent with the general interest of the trust. If there is a dispute among the

Hannin Essay Example for Free

Hannin Essay The government must show accountability for public funds and a business can use its resources as it deems appropriate. 5. Role of the Budget – Commercial it’s used for planning and control purposes, for government budgets carry the authority of law, preventing 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. GASB set the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local government in the US. GASB also set accounting and financial reporting standards for governmentally related not for profit organizations. 2. FASB set standards for profit seeking business and for nongovernmental not for profit organizations. 3. FASAB set the accounting and financial for the federal government. 1-4. What is the definition of a government as agreed upon by the FASB and GASB? Public corporations and bodies corporate and politic are governmental organizations. Other organizations are governmental organizations if they have one or more of the following characteristics. . Popular election of officers or appointment (or approval) of a controlling majority of the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or local governments. 2. The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets reverting to a government. 3. The power to enact and enforce a tax levy. 1-5. Describe the â€Å"hierarchy of GAAP† for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. (See Illustration 1-2 come back to t his) 1-8. GASB considers budgetary accounting and reporting to be important. List the principles outlined by GASB related to budgetary accounting and reporting. 1. An annual budget(s) should be adopted by every governmental unit. 2. The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control. 3. Comparisons should be included in the appropriate financial statements and schedules for governmental funds for which an annual budget has been adopted. 2-2. With regard to GASB rules for the financial reporting entity, answer the following: 1. Define the financial reporting entity. It is the primary government together with its component units. 2. Define and give an example of a primary government. Can be a state government, a general-purpose local government such as a city or county, or a special purpose government such as a school district. 3. Define and give an example of a component unit. Are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. 4. Define and describe the two methods of reporting the primary government and component units in the financial reporting entity. a. Primary Government -either appoints a voting majority of the governing body of the other organization or members of the primary governments governing body hold a majority of the seats of the other organizations board. Second, the relationship meets one of the following two criteria: a. The other organization provides either a financial burden or benefit to the primary government. b. The primary government can impose its will on the other organization. b. Component units are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. In addition, a component unit can be an organization for which the nature and significance of its relationship with a primary government are such that exclusion would cause the reporting entitys financial statements to be misleading or incomplete. 2-3. With regard to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR): 1. What are the three major sections? Introductory, Financial, and Statistical. 2. List the government-wide statements. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the government-wide statements. Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Funds Statements: Statement of Cash Flows. Governments use the accrual basis and the modified accrual basis of accounting. 3. List the governmental fund statements. i. General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds. ii. Special revenue funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses. iii. Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets[9], such as buildings, equipment and roads. Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. iv. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. v. Special assessment funds account for public infrastructure improvements financed by special levies against property holders. Sidewalk and alley repairs often rely on special assessments. 4. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the governmental fund statements. It usually rely on a modified accrual basis. 5. List the proprietary fund statements. vi. Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund. vii. Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise. Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises. 5. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the proprietary fund statements. i. Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as full accrual to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting. 6. List the fiduciary fund statements. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. 7. Describe the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the fiduciary fund statements. The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the funds profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important. 8. Outline the reports and schedules to be reported as required supplementary information. Come Back To 2-4. Describe the test for determining whether a governmental fund is a major fund. The General Fund is always considered a major fund. Other governmental funds are considered major when both of the following conditions exist: (a) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental fund constitute 10 percent of the total for the governmental funds category, and (b) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental or enterprise fund are 5 percent of the total of the governmental and enterprise categories, combined. 2-10. Not sure

Onderwerp pws studie financiering

Onderwerp pws studie financiering Inleiding Het onderwerp van mijn profiel werkstuk is studiefinanciering geworden omdat het erg speelt momenteel en het voor bijna elke student een noodzaak is. Voor veel studenten zou de afschaffing van studiefinanciering betekenen dat ze hun studie niet kunnen afmaken of à ¼berhaupt beginnen. Omdat ik ook volgend jaar ga studeren leek het me interessant om uit te zoeken wat er allemaal bij studiefinanciering komt kijken en wat dit voor mij betekend. Ook heb ik het macro-economische aspect onderzocht. Begrippen lijst WSF 2000 = Wet studiefinanciering 2000 IB-Groep = De Informatie Beheer Groep DUO = Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs HBO = Hoger beroeps onderwijs WO = Wetenschappelijk onderwijs Nuffic = Stichting Nederlandse organisatie voor internationale samenwerking in het hoger onderwijs Tertiair = Derde (in de rij) *HBO dus Wat is studiefinanciering in het algemeen? Studeren is vrij duur. Om het voor iedereen in Nederland betaalbaar te maken om een studie te volgen is op 1 september 2000 de Wet studiefinanciering 2000 (WSF 2000) in gegaan. De Informatie Beheer Groep (IB-Groep) verzorgt en controleert de WSF 2000 regeling. Deze wet wordt gefinancierd door belastingbetalers. Dat wil zeggen dat iedere Nederlander met een inkomen aan de studiefinanciering meebetaalt. De Wet studiefinanciering 2000 is er voor MBO en HBOstudenten, en voor studenten aan de Universiteit, Dit geldt alleen voor leerlingen met een voltijdse opleidingen. Als je je opleiding toch in deeltijd wil volgen zal je je studie zelf op een andere manier moeten betalen. Studiefinanciering is een bedrag van de overheid wat je krijgt om tijdens je studie jezelf deels in je levensonderhoud en studiekosten te kunnen voorzien. De studiefinanciering is soms een gift dus na je studie hoef je het niet terug te betalen, soms is het een rentedragende lening en soms een combinatie van deze twee mogelijkheden. Daarnaast is er ook nog een prestatiebeurs, waarbij een lening kan worden veranderd in een gift als je prestaties goed genoeg zijn, dat betekent dus dat je moet slagen binnen een bepaalde tijd. Haal je dit niet dan moet je het gehele geleende bedrag terug betalen. Dus de basisbeurs, de aanvullende beurs en de OV-Chipkaart. De verschillende onderdelen waar Studiefinanciering uit kan bestaan zijn als volgt: de basisbeurs een aanvullende beurs voor studenten met minder rijke ouders een mogelijke rentedragende lening de OV-Chipkaart het collegegeldkrediet Over al deze punten ga ik in de komende hoofdstukken meer uitleg geven. Wanneer heeft men recht op studiefinanciering Als je studiefinanciering wilt ontvangen moet je aan bepaalde voorwaarde voldoen. De voorwaarde zijn onder andere Leeftijd, Nationaliteit en welk onderwijssoort. Leeftijd over het algemeen komt elke student die HBO of WO volgt in aanmerking tot hij/zij 30 jaar is, Een minimale leeftijd hiervoor is er dus niet. De studenten die nog geen 18 zijn hebben vanaf het 1e kwartaal na het begin van je studie ook recht op studiefinanciering. Als je dus op 5 februari begint met studeren aan een HBO of WO opleiding dan heb pas vanaf 1 maart recht op studiefinanciering. Je mag doorstuderen tot je 34 bent als je maar na je 30ste je studiefinanciering niet meer stop zet. Ben je ouder dan 34 dan zijn er geen mogelijkheden meer voor studiefinanciering. Nationaliteit wie voor studiefinanciering in aanmerking wil komen moet een Nederlandse nationaliteit hebben. Er zijn wel een aantal groepen niet Nederlanders die ook in aanmerking komen voor studiefinanciering. Als je geen Nederlander bent maar wel in Nederland woont, dan kan je soms dus toch wel studiefinanciering krijgen. Onderwijssoort Studiefinanciering is er alleen voor studenten die een volledige dagstudie volgen bij een gecertificeerde onderwijsinstelling in Nederland. Er zijn soms uitzonderingen in het HBO of WO (wettenschappelijk onderwijs) voor deeltijd opleidingen. Deze opleidingen staan dan bij de Wet voor het Hoger onderwijs en Wetenschappelijk onderzoek (WHW) aangegeven Welke juridische wetten gelden er voor Studie financiering Er zijn vele honderden wetsartikelen over studiefinanciering, Ik kan deze niet allemaal gaan noemen in verband met het extra paginas die deze zouden toevoegen. De meest belangrijke is de al eerder genoemde Wet studiefinanciering 2000 (WSF) Alleen deze wet bestaat al uit 61 bladzijdes Andere voorbeelden van juridische wetten met betrekking tot studiefinanciering zijn: Wet studiefinanciering 2000 (WSF) Wet tegemoetkoming onderwijsbijdrage en schoolkosten (WTOS) Les- en cursusgeldwet (LCW) Wet op het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek (WHW) Wijzigingswet van enkele onderwijswetten in verband met de invoering van persoonsgebonden nummers in het onderwijs (WON) Regeling aanmelding selectie hoger onderwijs Aanvulling regeling aanmelding selectie hoger onderwijs De basisbeurs De basisbeurs is niet afhankelijk van het inkomen van de ouders van de student. Elke student die aan de studiefinancierings eisen voldoet heeft hier recht op. Dat is hetzelfde geval bij de OV-Chipkaart. De basisbeurs verschilt bij uitwonende en bij thuiswonende studenten. Bij uitwonende is deze namelijk veel hoger, en het maakt verschil of de student hoger onderwijs (HBO of WO) of beroepsonderwijs volgt. Met ingang van 2010 bedraagt de basisbeurs voor studenten in het HBO en WO: voor uitwonende studenten 259,76 euro voor thuiswonende studenten 93,23 euro In het beroepsonderwijs: voor uitwonende studenten 240,02 euro voor thuiswonende studenten 73,56 euro De aanvullende beurs De aanvullende beurs werkt anders dan de basisbeurs bij deze beurs is het namelijk wel van belang hoe hoog het inkomen van de ouders is. Het peiljaar voor ouderlijk inkomen: Om de draagkracht van de ouders zo goed mogelijk in te schatten wordt het ouderlijk inkomen van 2 jaar geleden gekozen als peiljaar dus indien het 2010 is word 2008 als peiljaar gebruikt. En wordt er gekeken welk inkomen beide ouders in 2008 hadden. De hoogte van dit inkomen bepaalt uit eindelijk of men er recht op heeft en als er recht op is hoe hoog deze aanvullende beurs dan wordt. Ouderbijdrage: De DUO ( Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs) voorheen IB-Groep Bepaalt aan de hand van het inkomen van de ouders de ouderbijdrage Dit is het bedrag waarvan verwacht wordt dat de ouders het zelf kunnen betalen. Dit bedrag is bepalend omdat dit de uiteindelijke hoogte van de aanvullende beurs bepaalt. De ouderbijdrage wordt van de maximale aanvullende beurs afgetrokken Als de ouderbijdrage dus hoger of gelijk aan de aanvullende beurs is dan heeft de student hier geen recht op. De hieronder staande gegevens zijn dus voor een student zonder ouderbijdrage. Met ingang van 2010 bedraagt de aanvullende beurs voor studenten in het HBO en WO (Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs): voor een uitwonende student 231,43 euro voor een thuiswonende student 211,99 euro In het beroepsonderwijs voor een uitwonende student 319,27 euro voor een thuiswonende student 299,82 euro De rentedragende lening De rentedragende lening is een echte lening die dus ook later terug betaald moet worden. Deze lening is alleen beschikbaar voor studenten die ook recht hebben op studiefinanciering. Hoe hoog deze lening kan zijn is afhankelijk van het soort opleiding en de woonsituatie. Hoeveel geld de student uiteindelijk leent is zijn eigen keuzen. Dit bedrag varieert van 10 euro per maand tot soms wel 600 euro per maand. Studenten vergeten vaak dat dit hele bedrag ook terug moet worden betaald, inclusief rente. En dat de studie schuld al snel oploopt tot enkele duizenden euros die na de studie met zijn/haar eerste baan met een waarschijnlijk niet al te hoog start salaris lastig wordt om terug te worden betaald. Collegegeld krediet Sinds 1 september is het naast een gewone rentedragende lening ook mogelijk om bij DUO een speciale lening aan te vragen speciaal voor het benodigde collegegeld Net als de rentedragende lening moet de collegegeld lening ook na de studie terugbetaald worden volgens de zelfde afspraken als de gewone studie financiering. Over het aflossen en eventueel kwijt schelden van de lening, het dus omzetten naar een gift leg ik later meer uit. De maximale hoogte van het collegegeld krediet wordt bepaald door de hoogte van het wettelijke collegegeld van dat jaar. Bijvoorbeeld van 2008 tot 2009 toen bedroeg het 1565, euro en dat is dus ook de maximale toegestane hoeveelheid die geleend kan worden De OV-Chipkaart In 1991 werd de OV-studentenkaart ingevoerd. De studentenkaart werd ingevoerd omdat de individuele reiskostenvergoeding te veel administratie met zich meebracht. Er waren meerdere argumenten voor de invoering van de OV-studentenkaart. Zo zou de regering veel minder geld kwijt zijn aan reiskostenvergoeding, en werd de basisbeurs bij elke student met 60 gulden verlaagd. Dit gold voor alle studenten, of ze wel of niet van het openbaar vervoer gebruik maakten. Een ander argument was het gebruik van het openbaar vervoer verhogen. Bovendien zouden studenten na de studieperiode nog steeds gebruik blijven maken van het openbaarvervoer. Wie recht heeft op studiefinanciering heeft ook recht op een OV-Chipkaart, vroeger heette dit de OV-Studenten kaart. Met de kaart kan je als student onbeperkt reizen met het openbaar vervoer. Er zijn 2 soorten chipkaarten, de weekeind en de week kaart. Met de weekeinde kaart mag je vanaf vrijdag 12:00 s middags tot en met het einde van de dienstregeling op zondagnacht. Met een week-OV mag je maandag tot en met vrijdag tot het einde van de dienstregeling gratis reizen. Een OV-kaart is ook een prestatie lening. Als je binnen 10 jaar niet slaagt, moet je het hele bedrag dat je OV-kaart waard was terug betalen, (90 * 10 * aantal jaar) Sinds wanneer is er studiefinanciering en wat is hier de geschiedenis van: Studiebeurzen ontstonden rond 1815, echter was het toen alleen beschikbaar voor hoogbegaafde en wat minder rijke mensen die toch ergens goed in waren. In de daarop volgende jaren kwam er steeds meer geld beschikbaar voor studiebeurzen. Het werd zelfs verdrievoudigd zodat steeds meer mensen konden gaan studeren die het eerder niet konden betalen. Maar er werd nog weinig gebruik van gemaakt omdat er een leenstelsel was en je bijna alles moest terug betalen na je studie Het Budget wordt in 1954 weer verhoogd om meer studenten een lening te kunnen verschaffen. Nu konden er meer mensen gaan studeren en nam het aantal aanvragen toe. Ook de wat rijkere studenten zorgden ervoor dat het aantal aanvragen toenam aangezien zij geen studiefinanciering nodig hadden. Omdat het overheidsbudget niet mocht worden overschreden werden er steeds hogere eisen aan studenten gesteld. Dit zorgde ervoor dat alleen de aller-slimste of kinderen van rijke ouders op de universiteit kwamen. In 1986 werd de aanvullende beurs en de prestatiebeurs ingevoerd. Studenten met armere ouders kregen een hogere toeslag. De hoogte van deze toelage was is wel afhankelijk van het inkomen van je ouders, het soort onderwijs dat je volgt en of je thuis wonend of uit huis was. Met de invoering van dit nieuwe systeem ontstonden er veel problemen. De kosten werden steeds hoger, en het stelsel was erg lastig en ingewikkeld. In 1990 werd er het onderwijs bezuinigd. Studenten kregen hierdoor minder studiefinanciering en kwamen in de problemen. In 1997 was er weinig tevredenheid meer over het nieuwe studiefinancieringsstelsel. Er waren al weer plannen voor een nieuw stelsel maar dit is door onderlinge ruzies in de verschillende partijen niet door gegaan. De Commissie Vermeend werd in 2002 opgericht om oplossingen te bedenken. Er word vandaag de dag nog gediscussieerd over de afschaffing van de basisbeurs, door bijvoorbeeld Wouter Bos (PVDA) die voor de afschaffing van de basisbeurs is. Als vervanging zou er een nieuw leenstelsel moeten komen. Maar daar is nog veel onduidelijkheid over, de VVD en GroenLinks zijn voor de invoering van een leenstelsel en D66, PVV en de SP tegen de invoering en dus voor het behoud van de basisbeurs. De afschaffing van de basisbeurs wordt een van de grote politieke knelpunten voor de aankomende verkiezingen. Studiefinanciering in het buitenland Je kunt vaak je studiefinanciering meenemen naar het buitenland. Maar er zijn wel verschillende eisen voor De eisen die van toepassing zijn om voor studiefinanciering in Nederland in aanmerking te komen, zoals leeftijd, nationaliteit en voltijds onderwijs gelden ook voor studiefinanciering in het buitenland. Er gelden ook nog enkele andere voorwaarden namelijk: De 3 jaren eis De Nederlandse regering wil alleen studiefinanciering meegeven aan studenten die een band met Nederland hebben. Daarom moet je minstens drie jaar legaal in Nederland hebben gewoond in de zes jaar voor dat je studiefinanciering in het buitenland in zou moeten gaan. Niet van twee walletjes genieten Als je Nederlandse studiefinanciering ontvangt en je ontvangt in het buitenland ook nog een studietoelage van de locale overheid, Dan heb je geen recht meer op Nederlandse studiefinanciering. Kwaliteit buitenlandse opleiding De opleiding die in het buitenland gevolgd gaat worden moeten van goede kwaliteit zijn. Hoger onderwijs in het buitenland verschilt erg van het Hoger onderwijs in Nederland. De diploma dat je aan het einde van de opleiding in het buitenland hebt gehaald, moet minstens van het zelfde niveau zijn als een diploma van een Nederlandse HBO opleiding. Als je een opleiding volgt die niet lijdt tot een diploma kan je ook geen studiefinanciering ontvangen, bijvoorbeeld de non-degree opleidingen in Amerika. Nuffic is een bedrijf dat DUO adviseert als het gaat om de kwaliteit en het niveau van buitenlandse opleidingen. Het gaat hierbij om het hogere onderwijs en of dat vergelijkbaar is met Nederlandse bachelor of masteropleidingen. Het is meestal niet mogelijk om van te voren uit te zoeken of de opleiding van vergelijkbaar niveau is. Omdat het onderwijssysteem te veel verschilt van het Nederlandse systeem wordt meestal in eerst instantie studiefinanciering toegekend. Op basis van je gehaalde diploma wordt achteraf door de DUO bepaald of je studiefinanciering wordt omgezet in een gift. Hoe hoog is studiefinanciering en hoe bepaal/bereken je dat? het hangt van verschillende factoren af hoe hoog je uiteindelijke studiefinanciering is. De volgende punten wegen mee in het bepalen van de basisbeurs. het verzamelinkomen of belastbaar inkomen van je vader en je moeder hoeveel broers en zussen je hebt tussen de 12 en 18 jaar, die zelf geen studiefinanciering aanvragen voor het hoger onderwijs hoeveel broers en zussen je hebt die een opleiding volgen in het voortgezet onderwijs (mavo, havo, vwo) of het voortgezet speciaal onderwijs en ouder zijn dan 18. hoeveel broers en zussen je hebt die een aanvullende beurs krijgen Op de website van DUO kan je zelf met al de bovenstaande gegevens de hoogte van je basisbeurs berekenen. Deze kan je dan aanvragen als je in het bezit bent van een digID. De hoogtes van de Studiefinanciering veranderen per jaar, en worden elk jaar door DUO vastgesteld. De vastgestelde waardes voor 2010 kan je vinden in een van de vorige hoofdstukken. Studieschuld bij de IB-Groep Er zijn veel studenten met schulden, er zijn meerder verschillende manieren om een schuld bij de IB-Groep krijgen. Er kan schuld ontstaan doordat je niet aan de prestatienorm hebt voldaan aan en de lening dus niet word omgezet in een gift, of doordat je zelf een lening bij de IB-Groep hebt aanvraagt. De schuld die je bij de IB-Groep kan hebben kan worden verdeeld in langlopende schulden en kortlopende schulden. Kortlopende studieschulden Kortlopende schulden moeten op korte termijn worden afgelost, bijvoorbeeld terwijl je nog studiefinanciering ontvangt. Tot de kortlopende schulden behoren: te veel uitgekeerde studiefinanciering, bijvoorbeeld te veel aanvullende beurs of onterecht ontvangen basisbeurs onterecht bezit van de Ov-studentenkaart De IB-Groep laat je weten hoeveel geld je had horen te krijgen en wat je schuld is. De IB-Groep maakt ook bekend op welke manier je dit bedrag terug moet betalen. Zolang je nog studiefinanciering ontvangt zal de IB-Groep deze schuld verrekenen met je studiebeurs, met een maximaal bedrag van 144,28 euro per maand. Langlopende schulden Langlopende schulden zijn schulden uit: rentedragende leningen en leningen die veroorzaakt worden door het niet halen van de tempo- of prestatienorm een kortlopende schuld die is omgezet in een langlopende schuld. Het aflossen van langlopende schulden begint met een aanloopfase en sluit af met een afloopfase Aanloopfase Als je afgestudeerd bent, of als je met je opleiding stopt, dan begint op 1 januari volgend op de datum waarop je met je studie bent gestopt de aanlooptijd van twee jaar te lopen. Tijdens je studie betaal ook rente over het geleende bedrag per jaar. Voor 2010 is de rente op 2,39 procent vastgesteld In de aanloopfase bent je nog niet verplicht om de schuld af te lossen, wel begint vanaf 1 januari de rente te lopen over je langlopende schuld. De rente wordt voor vijf jaar vastgesteld. Het is slim om al te beginnen met aflossen zo betaal je minder rente. Aflosfase Na de aanloopfase begint gelijk de aflosfase. Deze fase duurt maximaal 15 jaar, en je van verplicht om minimaal per maand 45,41 euro af te lossen. Mocht hiermee je schuld niet binnen 15 jaar afgelost zijn, dan wordt bepaald wat je maandelijks moet gaan betalen om wel binnen 15 jaar je schuld te hebben afbetaald. De hoogte van dit nieuwe maandelijkse bedrag wordt precies zo vastgesteld dat je na 15 jaar precies de hele schuld inclusief rente hebt betaald. Kwijtschelding Na de aflosfase van 15 jaar kan de IB-Groep overgaan tot kwijtschelding van je schuld. Dat kan alleen als je voldoet aan de volgende voorwaarden: er is tot het einde van de aflosfase een lager maandbedrag berekend vanwege een laag inkomen het inkomen van de partner heeft steeds meegeteld bij de berekening van het maandbedrag. Eigen mening Ik kan na afloop van dit onderzoek een mening vormen over het huidige stelsel. Ik heb mezelf er dusdanig in verdiept dat ik nu goed weet hoe het in elkaar zit, ook voor later als ik het zelf nodig heb. Ik vind dat het huidige stelsel over het algemeen goed geregeld is, er is genoeg duidelijkheid qua regelgeving en ook de hoogtes van de studiefinanciering zijn makkelijk te berekenen op de website van DUO. Een van de negatieve punten die ik heb gevonden is het meetellen van het belastbaar inkomen van je ouders. Ik vind dit een negatief punt omdat de meeste ouders hun kinderen niet oneindig geld blijven geven en dit enorm scheelt voor de basisbeurs die je als student ontvangt. Als je uit huis gaat en veel zelf moet bekostigen is het erg jammer als het inkomen van bijvoorbeeld je vader waar je dus niet bij inwoont soms wel 150 euro per maand minder aan studiefinanciering oplevert. Tenzij je ouders dit compenseren door zelf geld te geven loop je dit bedrag wat van de overheid komt dus gewoon mis. Ook de aanvullende beurs wordt beà ¯nvloed door het inkomen van je ouders. Als ik zelf een stelsel mocht maken gebaseerd op dit stelsel zou ik enkele punten wijzigen namelijk: de mate waarin het belastbaar inkomen meetelt, het moet natuurlijk wel uitmaken hoeveel ze verdienen maar het moet niet te veel geld schelen. En ik zou studenten minder makkelijk geld laten bij lenen. Je kan nu zonder enige moeite 500 euro per maand bij lenen, en dit loopt na 4 tot 5 jaar studeren al snel op tot een hoog en moeizaam terugbetaalbaar bedrag. Vooral met je startsalaris net na je studie wordt dit erg vervelend om terug te betalen. Ik zou de voordelen van het toekomstige leenstelsel en dit stelsel en het oude stelstel wat alleen voor de behoeftige was combineren. Om zo het ideale stelsel te creà «ren wat goed in elkaar zit met een duidelijke regelgeving en weinig rompslomp en voordelen voor alle deelnemende partijen. Slot Ik heb best wel wat geleerd van dit werkstuk en erg nuttige informatie gevonden over studiefinanciering. Ook vond ik het interessant om te lezen over studiefinanciering in het buitenland omdat ik zelf ook in het buitenland stage moet gaan lopen, (6 maanden lang) ook vond ik het wel interessant om zelf over het stelsel na te denken over punten die ik zou willen veranderen. En een eigen stelsel te bedenken

Book Report on Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay -- Lord of t

Book Report on Lord of the Flies by William Golding The following report is on William Golding’s Lord Of The Flies. The book itself is 208 pages. The topics that will be covered are a brief summary, type of chronology used, evaluation of character development, type of conflicts, themes, writers styles, and personal opinions. This novel takes place on a boat like shaped island. There is a jungle, beach, and a lagoon. There are pigs and fish that they can eat, and different fruits. This novel is about several young boys trying to survive on this island after their plane crashed. They have to work together in order to survive. There aren’t any grown ups around. Ralph and Piggy are the first to appear after the crash. Ralph finds a conch shell and blows into it hoping to get the attention of the other survivors. When they get around in a circle, they elect Ralph as the chief. Jack gets upset and this begins the conflict between Jack and Ralph. Jack decides that he and his choir, now called â€Å"hunters† want to go out and hunt for food. On his first attempt, he fails. One of the boys mentions that there is a beast on the island. Nobody paid too much attention to him, but in the back of their minds they knew there had to be something out there. Ralph decides that they need a fire so that ships can rescue them. They use Piggy’s glasses to start the fire. Each of the boys were told to watch out for ships but they decided to play instead so they missed their opportunity to be rescued earlier. Jack and his â€Å"hungers† have become obsessed with hunting and killing. They painted their faces and finally killed a pig. Finally Jack breaks away from Ralph’s leadership and he tells the others to follow him. He killed another pig and put the head of the pig on a stake, which symbolized The Lord Of The Flies. While Jack and the â€Å"hunters† were roasting the pig, Simon finds a dead man hanging from the rocks wearing a parachute. When he ran to tell the boys they mistaken him for the beast and kill him. Now only Ralph, Piggy and the twins remain together. The fight for leadership reaches a climax when Jack turns violent. The hunters stole Piggy’s glasses, broke the conch, stole the twins and Roger ends up killing Piggy by throwing a boulder at him over the edge. Jack wanted to kill Ralph then, but Ralph ran into the woods to hide. ... ...itions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Another theme is that people often single out others to give themselves security. This happened a lot with Piggy, which wasn’t fair. The boys definitely singled him out and Piggy knew what was happening. I liked Golding’s style. It was fast moving, smooth, and I was able to understand what he was writing for the most part. He used good word choices when talking about a scene. In the first scene, when the boys were talking about how wonderful the island was, Golding used words like â€Å"thorns† and â€Å"Creeper† to tell us that the island wasn’t very friendly at all. He also uses good imagery. The point of view was usually objective, but was sometimes omniscient, showing the thought of only one character at a time in the scene. Most of the story is told through the eyes of the boys, but sometimes it changed to the viewpoint to that of the author. The age level that this book would be best suited is 12 and older. I think that boys would enjoy it more just for the fact that it is a book based on all boys. The only thing in the story that bothered me was the killings of the two young boys.

Capital Budgeting Case Essay

In the two capital budgeting cases corporations (A and B) have different revenues values and expenses as well as variable depreciation expenses, tax rates and discount rates. The members of our team had to compute both corporate cases NVP, IRR, PI, Payback Period, DPP, and project a 5-year income statement and cash flow in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The future cash flows of the project and discounts them into present value amounts using a discount rate that represents the project’s cost of capital and its risk is what’s needs to forecast the investment. Next, all of the asset’s future positive cash flows are reduced into one current value number. Subtracting this number from the original cash expense required for the investment provides the net present value (NPV) of the investment. Using the internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) measurements to evaluate projects often results in the same findings. Relationship between Net Present Value and IRR Net present value of an investment is equal to the â€Å"present value of its annual free cash flow less the investments initial outlay† (Kewon 2013 pg 310). Whenever the NPV is greater or equal to zero we should accept the project, whenever the NPV is negative the project should be rejected. Internal rate of return answers the question of what â€Å"rate of return will the project earn† (Kewon 2013 pg 316). IRR is the â€Å"discount rate that equates the present value of the project’s free cash flows with the project’s initial cash outlay† (Kewon 2013 pg 316). The discount rate is the rate that is used within capital budgeting that allows for the net present value of cash flow within a project to equal zero. The higher the IRR the  more desirable the project is versus the lower the IRR the less desirable the project is. In consequence, the NPV method indirectly assumes that cash flows over the life of the project can be invested at the project’s required rate of return, whereas the use of the IRR method suggests that these cash flows could be invested at the IRR. The better statement is the one made by the NPV that the cash flows can be reinvested at the required rate of return because they can either be returned in the form of dividends to shareholders, who demand the required rate of return on their investments, or invested in a new investment project. (Keown, 2013). The NPV shows that Company B is worth more than Company A. After expenses, taxes and depreciation the company has a value that is better to acquire Corporation B because of a higher IRR of 16.94% and NPV of $40,252.02 than Corporation A whom has an IRR of 13.05% and a NPV of $20,979.41. Net Present Value Corporation A $20,979.41 Corporation B $40,252.02 However, with the NPV that Corporation B have it will be give the corporation, over 5 years, a current value cash return of about $40K above the 11% required rate of return. In other words, this plan will not only meet the 11% required rate, but it will give the company an additional $40. Internal Rate of Return When a project is reviewed with the hurdle rate in viewpoint, then the greater the IRR is above the hurdle rate, the greater the NVP, and on the contrary, the more the IRR is below the hurdle rate , the lower the NVP. When using the IRR, the decision rules are as follows: If IRR > hurdle rate, accept the project If IRR< hurdle rate, reject the project. In order for a project to be accepted, the IRR must be greater than or equal to the hurdle rate. If the company is deciding between projects, then the project with the highest IRR is the project to be accepted. As we look at the IRR for both corporations we see that Corporation B is higher than Corporation A and this is why we as a team choose Corporation B. Corporation A 13.05% Corporation B 16.94% Profitability Index, Payback Period and Discount Payback Period The Profitability Index (PI) is just a number and anything 1.0 or higher is confirmation for the project that is being evaluated. The PI is a type of ratio that gives the higher NVP per dollar on an investment. It is better used when you have more than one project comparing. When making decision making measures for the PI methods the best project should be the one that pays off the initial cost outlay. The PB is the less method used in doing a capital budgeting because it does not consider the time value of the money earned in the project. Looking at Corporation B is shows that it will take 3.31 years to payback the cash inflow to the original cash outflow or the cost of the project. So when making a decision on which corporation to use in PB it is best to take the project that pays off the initial cost outlay in less time. If we look at the PI and PB for Corporation A and Corporation B we will see that Corporation B is much better project than Corporation A. Profitability Index Payback Period Corporation A 1.08 Corporation B 1.16 Corporation A 3.64 yrs. Corporation B 3.31 yrs. The Discount Payback Period (DPP) does consider the time value of money. It is computed somewhat like the PB method and the only difference is that DPP method uses the discounted cash flow. As we look at the DPP for Corporation A and Corporation B we see that again Corporation B is less time to pay back the cash flow: Corporation A 4.6 yrs. References Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Petty, J. W. (2013). Foundations of Finance, 8th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781269882194/id/ch10lev2sec2 Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Petty, J. W. (2013). Foundations of Finance, 8th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781269882194/id/ch10lev2sec5

What is the Future of Internet Radio?

Since the days when the family radio was a focal point of the home, where everyone gathered as the main source of news and entertainment to the present day of Internet, satellite and digital radio content, the basic concept of radio has not only survived, but thrived. With all of the new options in radio, however, the question of the future of Internet radio has generated many ideas, controversy and discussion over the past several years. This essay will take a balanced approach to discussing both the pros and cons of Internet versus traditional radio in an effort to ultimately answer this question in an intelligent way. Will Internet Radio Replace Traditional Radio? The knee-jerk tendency when considering whether or not Internet radio will replace traditional radio would be to assume that this would be the case if for no other reason than due to the natural progression of technology, much like the compact disc eventually replaced the vinyl record and the like. However, a closer look at the question requires that a more thorough review of source material take place before jumping to conclusions. In less than a decade, Internet radio has gained the same status as a mass media source as radio has over approximately the last century-clearly a force with which to be reckoned (VanHorn). This begs the question of how this was able to take place so rapidly and whether it is due to the faddish nature of some new technologies or because of distinct advantages that Internet has over conventional radio. Few would argue that the massive increase in the availability of Internet access over the past several years has added to the power of the medium- this includes not only the fact that most every workplace in America has some level of Internet access for most employees, but also that Internet access has been made available to the vast majority of households across a range of economic classes, races and cultures. With this, a new group of media consumers has evolved. Called â€Å"streamies†, these individuals are those who use the Internet for shopping, communication, work, and media/entertainment access (VanHorn). The streamies are now beginning their second, and in some cases third generation, with children gaining access to the Internet as soon as they are able to point and click a computer mouse. So, we see a well established and growing audience for Internet radio. Internet radio producers have not been blind to the fact that they are looking at a seemingly endless supply of listeners and that the future potential is all but endless. Knowing that this audience is technologically savvy, and harnessing the power of the Internet, there have been many enhancements to the Internet radio experience that in fairness are hard for conventional radio to compete with, including interactive broadcasts that allow listeners to provide feedback to broadcasters, blogs that allow for the audience to communicate with each other, and additional Websites which could give a listener access to other materials of interest. Evidence suggests that this type of multimedia experience is very well suited to the modern person, who not only wishes to hear a media source, but also wishes to have something to watch or that will give the chance for one’s intellect to be exercised (Crisell). While Internet radio seems to have quite an assortment of options to offer to the modern audience member, traditional radio should not be counted out just yet. From the advent of Internet radio, traditional radio has attempted to slow down the proliferation of competing Internet radio, first through lawsuits which alleged that Internet broadcasters were taking unfair advantage of the broadcasting system because of the fact that they were exempt from many of the regulations which at times saddle the traditional radio broadcaster and represent a huge expense for them (Mckibben). Failing that, the traditionalists have in recent years likewise gotten involved in Internet broadcasting, using online technology to reach a wider audience with the content that was popular with conventional listeners for years in the past (Crisell). It would appear that in the present stalemate between Internet and conventional radio, the future for both seems cloudy. However, as we will see in a later portion of this essay, there is a very viable future that remains to be seen. Should Internet Radio Pay the Same Royalties as Traditional Radio? The point was made earlier that conventional radio has long argued that Internet radio has unfair advantage in areas such as regulation, technological requirements, etc. Another consideration that has financial implications is the question of whether or not Internet radio should pay the same royalties as traditional radio if the two media sources are different but fundamentally similar. Ironically, when discussing royalties, Internet broadcasters have a disadvantage over conventional broadcasters, at least on the surface. Conventional broadcasters pay a set royalty into order to broadcast copyrighted materials such as songs, whereas Web-based broadcasters are charged a fee per download. Therefore, given the huge size of online audiences that do not have the limitations like those who receive broadcasts on regular radios, royalty fees can quite literally be without limit (Harwood). On the other hand, the possibility of endlessly large audiences, if properly marketed, can result in substantially larger advertising revenue if advertisers can be convinced of the value of such large target audiences for their message. With the evidence that exists, it would seem that the answer would be not to arbitrarily assess higher royalty fees to Internet broadcasters, or to lower fees to traditional broadcasters to try to give them some sort of competitive edge over the massive power of online broadcasters, but to find a way to create a percentage-based royalty fee for both media sources. For example, Internet broadcasters who are mostly content-based and do not emphasize a large amount of advertising would not be held responsible for massive royalty payments since the content they are utilizing is not being used for the purposes of driving massive revenues in the first place. Conversely, when Internet content results in massive advertising revenue, it would only make sense that royalties be fairly paid for the content that made the profits possible. Careful auditing and a process of verification for the numbers that are used to determine the royalty rates would alleviate any possible errors and disputes from the outset. What Does the Future Hold? The point was earlier made that the destruction of traditional radio in favor of Internet radio may not be what the future holds, and there are compelling reasons for making that assumption, for as cutting-edge and attractive as Internet radio may be, there is something to be said for the grass roots way that traditional radio operates, serves and entertains. In times of emergency and local interest, people will always look to the traditional, local radio station for what they crave-something that computer servers and satellites from around the globe simply cannot provide, as if they are too big and cumbersome to be as nimble and versatile as the smaller broadcasters in the traditional sense tend to be (Armstrong). Also, as was said earlier, traditional broadcasters can likewise participate in Internet broadcasting while still retaining their local ties and flavor. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to predict that the future will save a place for the traditional, and cutting edge broadcasting worlds. Conclusion At the risk of sounding outrageous, there are surely new applications of broadcasting technology that currently exist only in the minds of those trying to make them a reality. Therefore, in closing, the point should also be made that radio, to paraphrase a line from a classic song, has only just begun.

Examine sociological explanations of the difference in the educational performance of ethnic minorities in Britain Essay

The connection between ethnicity and educational accomplishment is very complicated as there is a great deal of difference between achievements between each of the ethnic groups. In previous studies, such as those carried out to compile the Swann report (1985), used very simplistic classifications of each of the ethnic groups, ‘Afro-Caribbean’, ‘Asian’ and ‘All others’ (including white). There was clear ranking between these groups with all others at the top, followed by Asians, and then Afro-Caribbean. Later on more complex classification systems were introduced and so a more detailed picture of the relationships between class and education emerged. For example, Kysel (1988) used eleven classifications to measure success at 16. This study placed Indian, African, Asian and Pakistani pupils at the top, followed by South East Asian and Greek students. Students of UK origin came in the middle of the range, followed by pupils from Turkish, Arab and Caribbean origin. At the bottom were Bangladeshi pupils. Most sociological explanations point to home back ground, educational experiences and factors to do with society. However studies don’t usually apply such sophisticated classifications, as used by Kysel, so making it difficult to explain distinctions between the categories. There are three main reasons for different ethnicities achieving differently in the cultural factors, social class and school factors. Cultural factors are thought by sociologists to have a large influence on the difference in attainment of the ethnic groups. Findings of those such as Douglas have provided support for what came to be known as ‘cultural deprivation theory’. This theory states that many of the values, attitudes and skills needed for high educational success are missing in the culture of certain ethnic groups. This was a particularly popular theory in the 1960-70’s, it was notably supported by the Swann committee (1985), however evidence can be seen as weak, even the Swann report said this argument was ‘sketchy’. Driver and Ballard adopted this explanation in their study of children with parents of South Asian origin. They found that these parents quickly developed high expectations of their children’s abilities and such attitudes may have attributed to their success. Ken Pryce rejected theory. He did a study of the Afro-Caribbean community in Bristol (1979) and although he described their way of life as ‘turbulent’ he also said that Afro-Caribbean parents have great aspirations for their children, and that they were not socially deprived because their parents are supportive, interested and provide all of the educational aid the can. Rex and Tomlinson also rejected the cultural deprivation theory in their study in Handsworth. Their rejected the theory because the data they collected points to Asians achieving highest at school and yet their parents go into school the least, indicating that they are not as interested as Afro-Caribbean parents who go into school the most. In spite of their parents frequent visits to school Afro-Caribbean are achieving the least in school. Another important theory is cultural difference theory, this about children being disadvantaged because their culture differs from the schools, the main example of this is if a child go to an English speaking school and speaks a different language at home, this means that they will not be as practiced as the children for whom English is their first language, they will be subjected to constant correction by teacher and their confidence and self esteem may suffer as a result. This theory is rejected by Driver and Ballard who found that by sixteen Asian children’s command of English is at least as good as their class mate, and in some cases, much better. The Swann report also noted that linguistic factors held back some Afro-Caribbean students but most did not have a problem. Social class is another important factor to consider. Some research suggests that much of the differential educational advantage that Afro-Caribbean’s face is due to the fact that most Afro-Caribbean’s are working class, disproportionately so. Swann said social class adds up to half of the reason behind educational achievement. Smith and Tomlinson agreed with this with their study of inner city junior schools and found a large variation due to class but a much smaller discrepancy due to ethnicity. The only problem with this is Asian pupils are primarily working class yet they achieve better that their white middle class counterparts. Many researchers have looked at the impact a range of school factors; this idea takes the stance that the difference in attainment between the ethnic groups is due to school environment. In studying school factors researches may have looked at curriculum content, teacher’s attitudes, ethnocentric resources, banding, language and many other things. Mac and Ghaill found that there was no clearly defined relationship between students who have been the victims of racism and the ones who have been predicted a fail. What he found was how well students did was influenced mainly by the schools they had come from. Pupils from suburban schools did better than pupils from inner city schools. Most studies showed that teachers were not racist to ethnic minorities. Taylor saw that many teachers were very sensitive in their handling of cultural issues and Hammersley went on to say most racist teachers did not bring this into the classroom. Wright studied primary schools and noticed how Asian pupils were largely ‘invisible’ to the teacher and was treated insensitively by both staff and peers. Coard said that institutional racism lead to ethic minority children having self-esteem problems, which developed into low achievement. This is extremely apt with Afro-Caribbean students who are seen as ‘a threat to classroom management’ and because they have been treated like this they start to conform to the labels they have been given. The DfEE found in a recent study that Afro-Caribbean pupils were four times more likely be permanently excluded from school than white children. To conclude, the area of ethnicity is a very delicate one and it is important to view it in the context of individuals and not stereotype people. More research is needed in to the experience of small, specific racial groups, not just ‘Asian’ or ‘White’. It is also important to note that it can never be seen as just one factor, it is always going to be a combination of factors and also age and gender can not be ignored, no one factor can never be measured accurately on its own.

International Politics- political science 7 Essay

International Politics- political science 7 - Essay Example As more states continue to subscribe to democratic tendencies, I think a general decline in the incidence of war should be expected. There will be more peaceful relations and fewer problems that instigate conditions that culminate into war. If more states could adopt democratic principles, there will certainly be more peace and fewer issues at a global level. Personally, I find Mr. Bushs argument to be not only convincing, but also slightly inexperienced. I completely concur that having more democracies in the world lowers the probability of war, as has been proven throughout history. Nearly every major war so far has been instigated by parties that are administered using conflicting governments and ideas. Of all these countries, hardly any of them have ever been between two democracies. Nonetheless, I do not think that at any point in the near future will there be a shift within the developed countries governments towards democracy. For example, North Korea adopted a governance structure that completely opposes the West in as far as democracy is concerned. If North Korea would somehow adopt a democratic approach, it would serve to alter the power positions that both countries hold. However, these and other factors stand in the gap of adopting democracy at a global level (Leffler, Melvyn, and Jeffrey

Marketing 100 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing 100 - Research Paper Example The Cupuacu Butter is a natural moisturizer that assists in creating lustrous, radiant as well as hydrated hairs. Blue Algae has been proven to be one of the ingredients effective in strengthening the hair shaft. In addition to this wild orchids help in adding moisture to the hairs, keeps hair healthy and shiny. The product is completely eco-friendly and has been effective and suitable for all hair types. The main benefits that the users of the product receive when buying the product is that the hydrating shampoo is rich in lather that assist in cleansing the scalp as well as the hairs. It also assist in purifying, protecting and eliminating the dirt, oil as well as the styling residue that tends to damage the hair and makes the hair look dull and dry. In addition to this the users of the product can also keep their hair color longer since the color-treated hair is re-hydrated and revitalized (David Babaii for Wildaid 2011). ... The current price of David Babaii for Wildaid Hydrating shampoo is AUD $22.95 for 400 ml while the RRP of the product has been $23.50. Therefore, the customers of the product can save 2%. It has been evident that the company quite frequently offers its products at discount rate. From the name itself it has been evident that the company strives to support the beauty of the nature since it donates ten percent of all profits to the ‘Wildaid’. Wildaid is the global wildlife conservation organization (Discount Vitamin Express 2011). The close competitors of the company are Abba, Alchemy, Art of Shaving and Head Organics. It has been apparent that most of the shampoos are formulated along with certified ‘organic ingredients’ that assist in gently cleansing the hair and the scalp. The Seven Wonders have also proved to be a close competitor for David Babaii hydrating shampoo. Matrix Biolage HydraTherapie Hydrating Shampoo is also one of the close competitors of the product. It is evident that the company uses competitive pricing strategies. Consumers can easily purchase the product online and compare the prices of these shampoos with other shampoos and make their purchase related decision. Moreover, the competitors are offering the product at the same price with the same quantity which makes it difficult to set price for the David Babaii shampoo. From this it can be revealed that the prices of the product tend to remain competitive in case of greater threat of substitute products from other brands. Therefore, in light of the stiff competition faced by the company it would be better for it to keep the prices affordable for all the classes of the society. 1.3 Current Distribution

Iron Deficiency Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Iron Deficiency Anemia - Essay Example The article encompasses information about causes, symptoms and treating iron deficiency anemia. The body needs iron to make hemoglobin, the most important component of the red blood cells. Insufficient supply of iron limits the production of hemoglobin, which in turn affects the production of red blood cells (RBCs). This decreased amount of hemoglobin and RBCs in the bloodstream is known as anemia. Since, RBCs are needed to carry oxygen throughout the body, anemia results in less oxygen reaching the cells and tissues, affecting their function (AMAG Pharmaceuticals). Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), often caused by inadequate iron ingestion. It is the major cause of anemia in childhood. Iron-fortified infant formulas and cereals have substituted the iron requirement in infants of United States (American Reagent). IDA or Iron-deficiency anemia doesn't develop instantly, but, a person develops through stages of iron deficiency, beginning with iron diminution, in which the amount of iron in the body is reduced while the iron in RBCs remains constant, persistence of this leads to progression of iron deficiency, ultimately leading to IDA. This is because the red blood cells will have less hemoglobin than normal (AMAG Pharmaceuticals,). Iron-deficiency anemia is a resultant of several factors, encompassing- insufficient iron in the diet, poor absorption of iron by the body, ongoing blood loss, most commonly from menstruation or from gradual blood loss in the intestinal tract, episodes of rapid growth. In certain cases poverty becomes a contributing factor to IDA because families living at or below the poverty level may not be getting enough iron-rich foods (Gasch,, 1997). It is manifested that Iron deficiency alters the physiological functions and IDA enables the body to absorb more lead, which enhances the risk of lead poisoning in kids, particularly those living in older homes. This leads to ill health and also children face difficulties in learning and show behavioral problems. Moreover, rapid growth demands more iron and therefore any kind of iron deficiency in nutrition leads to IDA. It is observed that, infants, discontinuing iron-fortified formula and substituted with cow's milk before 12 months can lead to IDA. Since, cow's milk is low in iron essential for infant growth and development; it often replaces the consumption of iron-rich foods. Milk reduces the absorption of iron causing irritation in the intestinal mucosa resulting in small amounts of bleeding. This slow, gradual loss of blood in the stool - combined with low iron intake - may eventually result in IDA (US FDA). Other causes of IDA encompass prematurity and low birth weight, poor iron intake in the diet for children between the ages of 1 and 3 years make them prone to IDA, high consumption of cow's milk, during the onset of puberty, when growth is at its peak, boys are at risk of IDA. Adolescent girls are at higher risk because of menstrual blood loss and smaller iron stores than boys. Many girls also tend to consume a diet low in iron. On the contrary, multivitamins with iron aren't adequate and taking too much iron is a major cause of serious poisoning in children (American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP). Deficiency of Vitamin C also leads to poor iron absorption leading to IDA as vitamin C enhances iron absorption in the body. Inadequate daily intake of iron in pregnancy, growth

Week 10 Ethical-legal issues as an Advanced Practice Nurse Assignment

Week 10 Ethical-legal issues as an Advanced Practice Nurse - Assignment Example nurses to recognize that they should expose themselves to opportunities that allow them to take part in policymaking, as well as to influence changes that will improve the country’s healthcare system (Kjervik & Brous, 2010). In the second passage, the writer is equally up to the task of briefly discussing the influence that a nurse has in outcomes in healthcare using ethical models and frameworks in solving ethical and moral dilemmas. With regards to the role of ethics, many nurses are faced with practice dilemmas when it comes to situations that involve individual care for the patient (Jansen & Zwygart-Stauffacher, 2010). The writer, however, should have gone further to mention the manner in which ethical justice principles should guide equal and fair treatment for all patients and how nurses have to deal with the consequences that arise due to a limitation in societal and organizational financial resources (Grace, 2009). As aptly covered by the writer, the skills and knowledge of a nurse are essential factors that contribute to a practicing nurse’s ability to influence patient care in a way that is

M4 Differentiated, Learner-Centered Professional Development Essay

M4 Differentiated, Learner-Centered Professional Development - Essay Example There will be a survey that will be carried out at the end of the workshop to evaluate the workshop and to give suggestions for future workshops. There will also be an opportunity within the survey questionnaire for grading certain aspects of the institution in terms of teaching using the Leaning Forward and the Morzanos’ Nine steps. Participants are encouraged to be as honest as possible in their feedback to allow for accurate analysis and note that all the questionnaires shall remain anonymous for the sake of confidentiality. The professional development session will deal with both teachers and students. School administrators by the very nature of their work will also have to collaborate with the teachers and the students in terms of facilitating the means by which feedback is received and analyzed. This is the best practice for making changes and it is the best guide to decision making at all levels whether it is in the classroom or in the boardroom. Data based needs of new teachers can be slightly different from those who have been in the profession in the past because change is dynamic in all fields with the ever-changing work environment, which is influenced by change and technological advances. This has brought differentiation. It is pertinent to note that the teaching profession has many stakeholders with the major two stakeholders being the teacher and the student. The session will be borrowing heavily form Professional developments for professional learning, which is a leader in the area of individual teacher effectiveness. This is an effective and great approach to professional learning, which will translate to better student learning, as it seeks to improve the individual performance of teachers. The entire concept is core to the majority of national edu ­cation systems and their effectiveness, as this type of strategic approach puts singular emphasis on aligning professional development with teacher

Obamas Plan to Achieving Peace and Prosperity Essay Example for Free

Obamas Plan to Achieving Peace and Prosperity Essay In Cairo, Egypt, President Barrack Obama conducted a speech, addressing the problems that both Americans and the Muslims are facing. During his speech, Obama mentions the current issues that the whole world is facing as well as the solutions to these problems. Such solutions, according to Obama, can only be implemented by working together. Islamic Stereotypes President Obama mentions two stereotypes of the world against the Islamic civilization that are rooted in a history of hatred, division, and terrorism: (1) They are inevitably hostile to both the world and the human rights it upholds, and (2) their civilization is crude. These stereotypes are false since only Islamic extremists possess such hostility towards the world, and the Islamic civilizations progress and its contributions have been quite evident throughout history — their role in the European Renaissance and enlightenment, for instance, was invaluable. Islam is a Part of America Islamic culture has been evident within Americas borders, wherein Muslim communities enjoy the freedom to practice their religion while relishing the lifestyle brought about by American culture, which provides opportunities for people who seek a better life. Migration brought their culture into the country, and this cannot be denied because the constitution, which America upholds, protects their freedom to practice their cultural beliefs within the country. Through their citizenship and their involvement within American society, the United States integrated them as a part of America. Being Shaped by Different Cultures Throughout history, various cultures have influenced each other. For example. it has been mentioned in the speech as well as in history books that the Renaissance was brought to life by the Muslim culture when traders traveled across continents through trade routes. Thus, being influenced by other cultures is inevitable. It is primarily rooted from the need for different peoples to understand each other, and in the process, they prosper and achieve progress. There is a shared interest that drives peoples into adopting the best aspects of other cultures in order to promote a better future for everyone. Issues that Need to be Addressed In his speech, Obama enumerates certain issues that needs to be resolved in order to promote peace and prosperity. He adds that it should be an imperative for people from all cultures to work as a unified entity in order to solve the following issues: Violent extremism in all of its forms; Situation between Israelis, Palestinians, and the Arab world; Shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons; Democracy; Religious freedom; Womens rights; and Economic development and opportunity. By working together in solving these issues, he believes that the world would become better than what it is today. Obama also believes that it is a necessity to address these issues for the sake of future generations — for our children. Reference Obamas Middle East Speech: VIDEO, Full Text. (2009, June 4).